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H5N1 Antigen Bird Flu Rapid Tests |
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This kit is a
chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative detection of
hemagglutinin (HA) of Influenza Type-A viruses, H5
strain (also known as highly pathogenic avian influenza)
in human body excretes, nasopharyngeal aspirates,
chicken embryo whole virus inoculation or viral lysates,
etc. It is intended for clinical identification of
specific H5, type-A influenza viruses.
The use of this chromatographic immunoassay provides
rapid reliable and safe diagnostic method for detection
of H5 avian influenza within 30 minutes. Simple, single
use device that has integrated quality control band and
do not require any additional laboratory equipment.
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Avian influenza is an
infectious disease of birds caused by type A strains of
the influenza virus. The disease, first identified in
Italy more than 100 years ago, now occurs worldwide.
Infection triggers a wide spectrum of symptoms in birds,
ranging from mild illness to a highly contagious and
rapidly fatal disease resulting in severe epidemics. In
the H5N1 bird flu in Hong Kong in 1997, patients had
developed symptoms of fever, sore throat, cough, and, in
several of the fatal cases, severe respiratory distress
secondary to viral pneumonia. Previously healthy adults
and children, and some with chronic medical conditions,
were affected.
More recently, outbreaks of avian influenza H5N1
occurred among poultry in eight countries in Asia
(Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, South Korea,
Thailand, and Vietnam) during late 2003 and early 2004.
At that time, more than 100 million birds in the
affected countries either died from the disease or were
killed in order to try to control the outbreak. By March
2004, the outbreak was reported to be under control.
Beginning in late June 2004, however, new deadly
outbreaks of influenza H5N1 among poultry were reported
by several countries in Asia (Cambodia, China,
Indonesia, Malaysia [first-time reports], Thailand, and
Vietnam). It is believed that these outbreaks are
ongoing.
Human infections of avian influenza H5N1 however, have
been reported in Cambodia (1case/1 death) Thailand
(17cases/1 deaths) and Vietnam (51cases/ 33deaths)
during both of these outbreak periods.
Hemagglutinin (HA) is a surface glycoprotein on
Influenza A responsible for binding to N-AcetylNeuraminic
Acid (NeuNAc) or commonly Sialic acid on host cell
surface receptors. The Influenza viruses form the A
virus group have principally similar morphological,
chemical and biological features. The differentiation of
the types is possible by the different antigenicity of
their nucleo- and matrix proteins that have
type-specific antigenicity. However, the essential
immunodominant antigens and primary targets in diagnosis
are the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA)
antigens.
H5-HA(Ag) Rapid Test employs chromatographic lateral
flow device with double antibody “sandwich” –like
principle for detection of hemagglutinin (HA) of H5
influenza in sample. Colloidal gold conjugated
monoclonal antibodies (anti-HA-Au) reactive to H5 HA,
are dry-immobilized onto a nitrocellulose membrane
cassette.
When the sample is added, it migrates by capillary
diffusion trough the cassette rehydrating the gold
conjugate. If present, HA will bind with anti-HA-Au
forming particles. These particles will continue to
migrate along the cassette until the Test Zone (T) where
they are captured by monoclonal anti-HA antibodies
previously immobilized there, and a visible red line
will appear. If there is no H5 specific HA in sample, no
red line will appear in the Test Zone (T). The
anti-HA-Au will continue to migrate alone until is
captured in the Control Zone (C) from immobilized goat
anti-mouse IgG antibodies aggregating in a red line,
which indicates the validity of the test. |
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